An old adage observes that knowledge is power and that information can be liberating. Indeed, the collection, analysis, and dissemination of information should not only be seen as an exercise in scientific inquiry but instead as a critical tool for guiding the formulation and implementation of policies to address complex societal problems. This is particularly true for understanding, and even predicting, the dynamics of health transitions of populations so that targeted and multifactorial interventions can be implemented to protect and promote health.